Clinical presentation heterogeneity of HSV1 oral lesions in immunosuppressed patients

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may be considered the main etiological viral agent in oral infections. As its symptoms bear similarity with other oral lesions within immunosu- ppressed patients, the diagnosis of herpes may be mistaken for other diseases. Therefore, the investigation of a technique that better detects this virus is important to assure a treatment that is more effective and adequate for this case. The study aimed to describe four cases of immunosuppressed patients presenting HSV-1 lesions, whose diagnosis was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Four hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients referred to the dental clinic complaining about oral lesions, pain, and functional difficulties. Multiple ulcers were observed in different sites of the mouth. Exfoliative cytology was performed and the diagnosis was confirmed by qualitative real-time PCR, in which HSV-1 was detected in the four cases. Specific techniques for the diagnosis of viral infections should be instituted for immunosuppressed patients presenting oral ulcers, since opportunistic infections can spread rapidly in these individuals, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.